Crusaders - The Crusaders ( Māori: Whatumoana; [1] formerly Canterbury Crusaders and BNZ Crusaders due to sponsorship by the Bank of New Zealand) are a New Zealand professional rugby union team based in Christchurch, who compete in the Super Rugby competition. They are the most successful team in the competition's history and have won 12 titles ( 1998 ...

 
The Fourth Crusade (1202–1204) was a Latin Christian armed expedition called by Pope Innocent III. The stated intent of the expedition was to recapture the Muslim -controlled city of Jerusalem, by first defeating the powerful Egyptian Ayyubid Sultanate. However, a sequence of economic and political events culminated in the Crusader army's ... . Johnston

"Spreading the influence of your order" takes on a whole new meaning in Crusaders: Divine Influence! Claim influence over regions with the new and improved Influence action, take advantage of 4 new building types, and explore 4 new knight orders, in this expansion to Crusaders: Thy Will Be Done. —description from the publisher In 1960, they returned to jazz and formed the Jazz Crusaders as a quintet with a succession of different bass players, landing a contract with World Pacific Jazz in 1961. As the 1960s progressed their hard bop stylings evolved with the times incorporating more of a soul-jazz feeling. Shortening their name to The Crusaders in 1971, most of the ...Synonyms for CRUSADERS: partisans, militants, activists, zealots, advocates, fanatics, supporters, ideologues; Antonyms of CRUSADERS: dilettantes, dabblers ...Sep 9, 2021 · Here are 10 figures who played a key role in the conflict, from holy call to action to bloody end. 1. Pope Urban II (1042-1099) Following the capture of Jerusalem by the Seljuks in 1077, Byzantine Emperor Alexius sent a plea for help to Pope Urban II, fearing the subsequent fall of the Christian city of Constantinople. Chuck Rainey, who lent his fat warm electric bass tone to the previous outing, has been replaced by Felder 's crisper, more rhythmic approach to the instrument. For the most part, the tunes are shorter here and rely far more heavily on groove aesthetics rather than jazz syncopations. Stewart Levine, ever the chameleon in the producer's chair ... 125th Anniversary Whiskey Goes On Sale 1st Sep 2023. Crusaders Football Club are pleased to announce that a "Limited Edition" 125th Irish Whiskey is now available to purchase from the Club Shop or from www.crusadersfcshop.comThe exclusive 700ml bottle h... Crusaders Rugby. The Crusaders (formerly known as Canterbury Crusaders and BNZ Crusaders) are one of New Zealand’s finest rugby franchises. In the short history of the Super Rugby competition, the Crusaders Rugby team have won the tournament 10 times. They also won the inaugural season of the Super Rugby Aotearoa tournament in 2020.Aug 8, 2018 · Updated on August 08, 2018. The medieval "Crusade" was a holy war. For a conflict to be officially considered a Crusade, it had to be sanctioned by the pope and conducted against groups seen as enemies of Christendom. Initially, only those expeditions to the Holy Land (Jerusalem and associated territory) were considered Crusades. 1958. Cru becomes international as Dr. Joon Gon Kim launches the work in South Korea. Over the next 40 years, South Korea moves from being a missionary-receiving nation to one that sends them, with 271 Korean Campus Crusade for Christ staff members and disciples serving in 23 other countries around the world today.The Crusades. The success of the Seljuk Turks stimulated a response from Europe in the form of the First Crusade. A counter offensive launched in 1097 by the Byzantine emperor with the aid of Western crusaders dealt the Turks a decisive defeat. Konya fell to the crusaders, who compelled the Turks to provide them with reconnaissance on their ...The Crusader states in 1135. The Crusader states, also known as Outremer, were four Catholic realms in the Middle East that lasted from 1098 to 1291. These feudal polities were created by the Latin Catholic leaders of the First Crusade through conquest and political intrigue. The four states were the County of Edessa (1098–1150), the ... Crusader definition, a participant in any of the crusades or military expeditions undertaken with papal sanction by the Christians of Europe in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries in an effort to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims:Orders of monks who were also knights became the "storm troops" of the Christian crusaders.Chuck Rainey, who lent his fat warm electric bass tone to the previous outing, has been replaced by Felder 's crisper, more rhythmic approach to the instrument. For the most part, the tunes are shorter here and rely far more heavily on groove aesthetics rather than jazz syncopations. Stewart Levine, ever the chameleon in the producer's chair ... In 1960, they returned to jazz and formed the Jazz Crusaders as a quintet with a succession of different bass players, landing a contract with World Pacific Jazz in 1961. As the 1960s progressed their hard bop stylings evolved with the times incorporating more of a soul-jazz feeling. Shortening their name to The Crusaders in 1971, most of the ... A Crusader in service to the Inquisition, armed with Power Sword and Suppression Shield. A Crusader is a holy warrior of the Adeptus Ministorum who is recruited for his or her unflagging devotion to the God-Emperor. Most are inducted into the ranks of the Ecclesiarchy from a Schola Progenium, selected for their deep faith in the Imperial Creed ...On June 7, 1099, the Christian army—by then considerably reduced to perhaps 1,200–1,500 cavalry and 12,000 foot soldiers—encamped before Jerusalem, whose governor was well supplied and confident that he could withstand a siege until a relief force arrived from Egypt. The Crusaders, on the other hand, were short of supplies and would be ...Crusaders: Thy Will Be Done uses a combination of rondel and mancala mechanisms. Each player has their own rondel, which they can upgrade over the course of the game, that controls their action choices during the game. Your faction gives you a special power to control your rondel, and the buildings you erect will help you form a strategy.1958. Cru becomes international as Dr. Joon Gon Kim launches the work in South Korea. Over the next 40 years, South Korea moves from being a missionary-receiving nation to one that sends them, with 271 Korean Campus Crusade for Christ staff members and disciples serving in 23 other countries around the world today.Number built. 1,219 [1] Developed into. Vought XF8U-3 Crusader III. LTV A-7 Corsair II. The Vought F-8 Crusader (originally F8U) is a single-engine, supersonic, carrier-based air superiority jet aircraft [2] designed and produced by the American aircraft manufacturer Vought. It was the last American fighter that had guns as the primary weapon ...Synonyms for CRUSADERS: partisans, militants, activists, zealots, advocates, fanatics, supporters, ideologues; Antonyms of CRUSADERS: dilettantes, dabblers ... Number built. 1,219 [1] Developed into. Vought XF8U-3 Crusader III. LTV A-7 Corsair II. The Vought F-8 Crusader (originally F8U) is a single-engine, supersonic, carrier-based air superiority jet aircraft [2] designed and produced by the American aircraft manufacturer Vought. It was the last American fighter that had guns as the primary weapon ...The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "crusaders foe", 7 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues . Enter a Crossword Clue. Valparaiso Beacons. The Valparaiso Beacons is the name of the athletic teams from Valparaiso University – often referred to as Valpo – in Valparaiso, Indiana, United States. The Beacons compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) at the Division I level and are members of the Missouri Valley Conference in all sports ... ザ・クルセイダーズ ( The Crusaders )は、主に 1970年代 に活躍した アメリカ合衆国 テキサス州出身の フュージョン ・グループ。. ジャズ・クルセイダーズ を前身とする。. そのサウンドは、 トロンボーン と テナー サックス という管楽器による ...Updated on August 08, 2018. The medieval "Crusade" was a holy war. For a conflict to be officially considered a Crusade, it had to be sanctioned by the pope and conducted against groups seen as enemies of Christendom. Initially, only those expeditions to the Holy Land (Jerusalem and associated territory) were considered Crusades.The objectives of the Crusades were to check the spread of Islam, to retake control of the Holy Land, to conquer pagan areas, and to recapture formerly Christian territories. The Crusades were seen by many of their participants as a means of redemption and expiation for sins.In Crusaders, Dan Jones interrogates the many sides of the larger story, charting a deeply human and avowedly pluralist path through the crusading era. Expanding the usual timeframe, Jones looks to the roots of Christian-Muslim relations in the eighth century and tracks the influence of crusading to present day. Sep 9, 2021 · Here are 10 figures who played a key role in the conflict, from holy call to action to bloody end. 1. Pope Urban II (1042-1099) Following the capture of Jerusalem by the Seljuks in 1077, Byzantine Emperor Alexius sent a plea for help to Pope Urban II, fearing the subsequent fall of the Christian city of Constantinople. A Crusader in service to the Inquisition, armed with Power Sword and Suppression Shield. A Crusader is a holy warrior of the Adeptus Ministorum who is recruited for his or her unflagging devotion to the God-Emperor. Most are inducted into the ranks of the Ecclesiarchy from a Schola Progenium, selected for their deep faith in the Imperial Creed ...Street Life - The Crusaders '1979Crusaders are level with two minutes of the 90 left! Rory McKeown's deep cross is flicked to the back post where Ross Clarke's shot beats McCarey but is cleared off the line by Paddy McClean.crusader definition: 1. someone who makes a determined effort to achieve or stop something because of their strong…. Learn more.The meaning of CRUSADER is one who engages in a crusade. How to use crusader in a sentence.On June 7, 1099, the Christian army—by then considerably reduced to perhaps 1,200–1,500 cavalry and 12,000 foot soldiers—encamped before Jerusalem, whose governor was well supplied and confident that he could withstand a siege until a relief force arrived from Egypt. The Crusaders, on the other hand, were short of supplies and would be ...crusader: 1 n a disputant who advocates reform Synonyms: meliorist , reformer , reformist , social reformer Examples: show 47 examples... hide 47 examples... Anthony Comstock United States reformer who led moral crusades against art and literature that he considered obscene (1844-1915) Dorothea Lynde Dix United States social reformer who ... Synonyms for CRUSADERS: partisans, militants, activists, zealots, advocates, fanatics, supporters, ideologues; Antonyms of CRUSADERS: dilettantes, dabblers ... crusade definition: 1. a long and determined attempt to achieve something that you believe in strongly: 2. one of the…. Learn more.CrUsAdErS, Parma. 8,371 likes · 1,569 talking about this · 25 were here. Unica voce virtuale dei Boys Parma 1977. Pagina a scopo informativo delle vicende attuali e passateCrusaders are non-playable characters that either passively deal damage to enemies or enable some characters like The Bush Whacker to damage enemies by clicking. Each Crusader can be unlocked after the previous Crusader has been leveled at least once or the gold required for his/her first level has been acquired. Alternate crusaders can only be unlocked by completing special events or with ...The Crusades. The success of the Seljuk Turks stimulated a response from Europe in the form of the First Crusade. A counter offensive launched in 1097 by the Byzantine emperor with the aid of Western crusaders dealt the Turks a decisive defeat. Konya fell to the crusaders, who compelled the Turks to provide them with reconnaissance on their ... Explore The Crusaders's discography including top tracks, albums, and reviews. Learn all about The Crusaders on AllMusic.Mar 23, 2020 · Crusaders of Space 2 by published by Reflexive Entertainment. Topics Reflexive setups, trial, setup, games, PC Games-----CrusadersOfSpace2Setup.exe is the setup ... Aug 13, 2023 · The Islamic world saw the Crusaders as cruel invaders, which helped engender distrust and resentment toward the Christian world. Read more below: The results of the Crusades Crusades , military expeditions , beginning in the late 11th century , that were organized by western European Christians in response to centuries of Muslim wars of expansion. The Crusaders ( Māori: Whatumoana; [1] formerly Canterbury Crusaders and BNZ Crusaders due to sponsorship by the Bank of New Zealand) are a New Zealand professional rugby union team based in Christchurch, who compete in the Super Rugby competition. They are the most successful team in the competition's history and have won 12 titles ( 1998 ...Buy Crusaders: Thy Kingdom Come. $9.99. Add to Cart. Heroes — Crusaders: Thy Kingdom Come offers five notable personalities to choose from, from the five great nations of medieval Europe, each of them with different background, wealth, fighting skills, goals and dreams. The gradual development of the focus character must be familiar from the ...1 hour ago · Early this season in Maine high school football, both the Belfast Lions (0-2) and John Bapst Crusaders (0-1) are still in search of their first win this season. One will come out on top with the ... The initial emblem for Crusaders was created in 1996 and boasted a horizontally oriented banner with an image of a knight on the left and a bold italicized wordmark in two levels, placed on the right from the knight. The image was executed in a pale-yellow and brown color palette, while the text-part of the logo featured slightly different ...Here are 10 figures who played a key role in the conflict, from holy call to action to bloody end. 1. Pope Urban II (1042-1099) Following the capture of Jerusalem by the Seljuks in 1077, Byzantine Emperor Alexius sent a plea for help to Pope Urban II, fearing the subsequent fall of the Christian city of Constantinople.Crusaders were hammered 4-1 away to Albanian club Skenderbeu.Bakary Nimanga got the home side going (15) before veteran Hamdi Salihi added a second (34) to put the Northern Irish side in a tough ...The Crusades were organized by western European Christians after centuries of Muslim wars of expansion. Their primary objectives were to stop the expansion of Muslim states, to reclaim for Christianity the Holy Land in the Middle East, and to recapture territories that had formerly been Christian. Many participants also believed that ...crusade definition: 1. a long and determined attempt to achieve something that you believe in strongly: 2. one of the…. Learn more. The latest Crusaders Super Rugby news for the Crusaders Super Rugby team from Christchurch. Includes, fixtures, squads, team news and stadium ticket info.Mar 23, 2020 · Crusaders of Space 2 by published by Reflexive Entertainment. Topics Reflexive setups, trial, setup, games, PC Games-----CrusadersOfSpace2Setup.exe is the setup ... Synonyms for CRUSADERS: partisans, militants, activists, zealots, advocates, fanatics, supporters, ideologues; Antonyms of CRUSADERS: dilettantes, dabblers ...The Crusader states in 1135. The Crusader states, also known as Outremer, were four Catholic realms in the Middle East that lasted from 1098 to 1291. These feudal polities were created by the Latin Catholic leaders of the First Crusade through conquest and political intrigue. The four states were the County of Edessa (1098–1150), the ... Sep 4, 2023 · The Crusaders defeated Bishop Rosecrans 28-14 on Saturday evening, driven by a strong running game and opportunistic defense which forced turnovers on each of the Bishops’ opening drives. Vice Versa: Crusaders, Kaufman’s first embrace of the unscripted realm, aims to expose a religion with clean-cut and polite members focused on Armageddon and future Paradise, even as its ...There are several artists named The Crusaders; 1) The Crusaders were an American jazz fusion group that was successful from the 1960s to the 1980s. The group was known as The Jazz Crusaders from its formation in 1960 until shortening its name in 1971. High school friends Joe Sample (piano), W… read more.The meaning of CRUSADER is one who engages in a crusade. How to use crusader in a sentence.Chuck Rainey, who lent his fat warm electric bass tone to the previous outing, has been replaced by Felder 's crisper, more rhythmic approach to the instrument. For the most part, the tunes are shorter here and rely far more heavily on groove aesthetics rather than jazz syncopations. Stewart Levine, ever the chameleon in the producer's chair ...The Crusades were organized by western European Christians after centuries of Muslim wars of expansion. Their primary objectives were to stop the expansion of Muslim states, to reclaim for Christianity the Holy Land in the Middle East, and to recapture territories that had formerly been Christian. Many participants also believed that ... The Crusaders were one of the pioneers of Jazz-Funk music in the seventies and have made a number of visits to Montreux over the years. This DVD focuses on t...Crusaders Hall of Fame. The Crusaders Hall of Fame is reserved for those few who have stamped their mark on this organisation throughout our proud history. The most successful domestic rugby team in the world has stars littered throughout its 27 year legacy - but only a select few are chosen to be immortalised in our Hall of Fame. The Crusaders at least early on i.e. 1971-1976 pushed themselves and used clever motif's to drown you the eager listener in their stream of groovin' creations. By the end of the 1970s something about this band changed and tho I have never 100% discounted Joe Samples, Stix Hooper and Wilton Felders contributions the energy and vitality of their ... The Crusaders came up with this one after almost 20 years. Street Life is a classic among classics of the genre, its wonderful, beautiful and Randy Crawford vocals are second to non! Reply 4 HelpfulCaupo of Turaida remained an ally of the crusaders until his death in the Battle of St. Matthew's Day in 1217. The German crusaders enlisted newly baptised Livonian warriors to participate in their campaigns against Latgallians and Selonians (1208–1209), Estonians (1208–1227) and against Semigallians, Samogitians and Curonians (1219–1290).St. Bernard’s seeks third straight win to start season. Coming off last week’s victory over Willits, the 2-0 Crusaders will try to stay undefeated as they hit the road again to face Biggs on ...The Crusaders (Croatian: Križari, also known as Škripari) were a Croatian pro-Ustashe anti-communist guerrilla army. Their activities started after the capitulation of the Independent State of Croatia in May 1945, towards the end of World War II . Historical Crusaders. Throughout history, there have been many crusades all across the world, particularly in Europe. Many of these crusades are well documented leaving us with a treasure trove of medieval crusade names. The crusaders in these categories are mostly from French crusader names from the first crusades, in the medieval era. 1.Pass the Plate is notable for many things. For starters, a member of the band wrote every composition on it and yet it's a thoroughly modern recording. It begins with trombonist Wayne Henderson's 15- plus-minute title suite that contains no less than five separate parts (the Crusaders were no strangers to the pop music of the era; here they did ...Crusaders are non-playable characters that either passively deal damage to enemies or enable some characters like The Bush Whacker to damage enemies by clicking. Each Crusader can be unlocked after the previous Crusader has been leveled at least once or the gold required for his/her first level has been acquired. Alternate crusaders can only be unlocked by completing special events or with ...The Crusaders ( Māori: Whatumoana; [1] formerly Canterbury Crusaders and BNZ Crusaders due to sponsorship by the Bank of New Zealand) are a New Zealand professional rugby union team based in Christchurch, who compete in the Super Rugby competition. They are the most successful team in the competition's history and have won 12 titles ( 1998 ...Caupo of Turaida remained an ally of the crusaders until his death in the Battle of St. Matthew's Day in 1217. The German crusaders enlisted newly baptised Livonian warriors to participate in their campaigns against Latgallians and Selonians (1208–1209), Estonians (1208–1227) and against Semigallians, Samogitians and Curonians (1219–1290). Synonyms for CRUSADERS: partisans, militants, activists, zealots, advocates, fanatics, supporters, ideologues; Antonyms of CRUSADERS: dilettantes, dabblers ... Crusades. 14th-century miniature of the Second Crusade battle from the Estoire d'Eracles. The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Christian Latin Church in the medieval period. The Crusaders, known as Lion Knights in the UK, were one of the various factions of LEGO's Castle theme. The first sets that involved Crusaders first appeared in 1984. The last regular appearance was in 1992. The Crusaders were introduced together with the Black Falcons in 1984 when The LEGO Group relaunched their Castle theme after the discontinuation of the first knights faction that started ...Synonyms for CRUSADER: militant, partisan, activist, zealot, advocate, supporter, fanatic, ideologue; Antonyms of CRUSADER: dilettante, dabbler, nonmilitantザ・クルセイダーズ ( The Crusaders )は、主に 1970年代 に活躍した アメリカ合衆国 テキサス州出身の フュージョン ・グループ。. ジャズ・クルセイダーズ を前身とする。. そのサウンドは、 トロンボーン と テナー サックス という管楽器による ...Mar 8, 2023 · There are several artists named The Crusaders; 1) The Crusaders were an American jazz fusion group that was successful from the 1960s to the 1980s. The group was known as The Jazz Crusaders from its formation in 1960 until shortening its name in 1971. High school friends Joe Sample (piano), W… read more. Sep 9, 2021 · Here are 10 figures who played a key role in the conflict, from holy call to action to bloody end. 1. Pope Urban II (1042-1099) Following the capture of Jerusalem by the Seljuks in 1077, Byzantine Emperor Alexius sent a plea for help to Pope Urban II, fearing the subsequent fall of the Christian city of Constantinople.

Historical Crusaders. Throughout history, there have been many crusades all across the world, particularly in Europe. Many of these crusades are well documented leaving us with a treasure trove of medieval crusade names. The crusaders in these categories are mostly from French crusader names from the first crusades, in the medieval era. 1.. Atandt power outages

crusaders

Crusaders FC is a professional football club with a rich history and a strong presence in the football world. Established in 1898, the club has become one of the most prominent and successful football clubs in the world. With a loyal fan base and a tradition of excellence, Crusaders FC has made its mark both domestically and internationally.Aug 8, 2018 · Updated on August 08, 2018. The medieval "Crusade" was a holy war. For a conflict to be officially considered a Crusade, it had to be sanctioned by the pope and conducted against groups seen as enemies of Christendom. Initially, only those expeditions to the Holy Land (Jerusalem and associated territory) were considered Crusades. In 1960, they returned to jazz and formed the Jazz Crusaders as a quintet with a succession of different bass players, landing a contract with World Pacific Jazz in 1961. As the 1960s progressed their hard bop stylings evolved with the times incorporating more of a soul-jazz feeling. Shortening their name to The Crusaders in 1971, most of the ...Crusaders Rugby. The Crusaders (formerly known as Canterbury Crusaders and BNZ Crusaders) are one of New Zealand’s finest rugby franchises. In the short history of the Super Rugby competition, the Crusaders Rugby team have won the tournament 10 times. They also won the inaugural season of the Super Rugby Aotearoa tournament in 2020.The meaning of CRUSADER is one who engages in a crusade. How to use crusader in a sentence.crusader meaning: 1. someone who makes a determined effort to achieve or stop something because of their strong…. Learn more.St. Bernard’s seeks third straight win to start season. Coming off last week’s victory over Willits, the 2-0 Crusaders will try to stay undefeated as they hit the road again to face Biggs on ...In Crusaders, Dan Jones interrogates the many sides of the larger story, charting a deeply human and avowedly pluralist path through the crusading era. Expanding the usual timeframe, Jones looks to the roots of Christian-Muslim relations in the eighth century and tracks the influence of crusading to present day. Barry Finnerty. The Crusaders (formerly known as The Jazz Crusaders) were an American jazz group that was successful from the 1960s to the 2010s. The group was known as the Jazz Crusaders from their formation in 1960 until shortening their name in 1971. The Crusaders were comfortable playing a wide assortment of genres, from straight ahead jazz ...The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "crusaders foe", 7 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues . Enter a Crossword Clue. The Crusades were a series of military campaigns organised by Christian powers in order to retake Jerusalem and the Holy Land back from Muslim control. There would be eight officially sanctioned crusades between 1095 CE and 1270 CE and many more unofficial ones. Each campaign met with varying successes and failures but, ultimately, the wider ...Crusaders were hammered 4-1 away to Albanian club Skenderbeu.Bakary Nimanga got the home side going (15) before veteran Hamdi Salihi added a second (34) to put the Northern Irish side in a tough ...crusader: 1 n a disputant who advocates reform Synonyms: meliorist , reformer , reformist , social reformer Examples: show 47 examples... hide 47 examples... Anthony Comstock United States reformer who led moral crusades against art and literature that he considered obscene (1844-1915) Dorothea Lynde Dix United States social reformer who ... Crusaders Hall of Fame. The Crusaders Hall of Fame is reserved for those few who have stamped their mark on this organisation throughout our proud history. The most successful domestic rugby team in the world has stars littered throughout its 27 year legacy - but only a select few are chosen to be immortalised in our Hall of Fame. The initial emblem for Crusaders was created in 1996 and boasted a horizontally oriented banner with an image of a knight on the left and a bold italicized wordmark in two levels, placed on the right from the knight. The image was executed in a pale-yellow and brown color palette, while the text-part of the logo featured slightly different ...The Best of the Jazz Crusaders: World Pacific ST-20175 13 1973 Tough Talk: Blue Note BN-LA170-G2 — 1975 The Young Rabbits: BN-LA530-H2 — 1980 Live Sides: LT-1046 — 1993 The Best Of... Pacific Jazz CDP 077778928324 — 2005 The Pacific Jazz Quintet Studio Sessions: Mosaic MD6-230 — "—" denotes releases that did not chart.The Fourth Crusade (1202–1204) was a Latin Christian armed expedition called by Pope Innocent III. The stated intent of the expedition was to recapture the Muslim -controlled city of Jerusalem, by first defeating the powerful Egyptian Ayyubid Sultanate. However, a sequence of economic and political events culminated in the Crusader army's ...The Crusaders were also poorly organised, partly down to disagreements between European leaders. On his journey back to England in 1192 , Richard was captured by Leopold of Austria and held hostage..

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